Data of Moisture Content Determination

Introduction
Measurement Programs
Test Improvements
Data of Moisture Content

1. Introduction

The data presented here was obtained by the moisture content determination test of typical materials with the MX50.
Sample pan temperature, measurement programs and so forth also apply to the MS-70, MF-50, or ML-50. To measure a sample with low moisture content, refer to "2.Measurement Programs" and "3-4 Others".
Be sure to read the instruction manual before measurement.

2. Measurement Programs

Mean values and repeatability of moisture content data and average analysis time are obtained by tests repeated 3 to 5 times.

Standard drying is used to maintain a constant drying temperature.

Moisture content is based on wet base moisture.
Wet base moisture = ((Wet sample mass - Dried sample mass) / Wet sample mass) x 100 (%)

Grain samples are ground before measurement so that moisture in the sample can evaporate.

Where a sample is liquid or has thin membrane on its surface, the optional glass fiber sheet (AX-MX-32-1) is applied.

A sample whose moisture content is less than 1%, such as plastic, is measured with the MX-50 set to "Standard mode" and "HI" measurement accuracy.
To measure under the equivalent conditions, set each model as follows:

MS-70:	"Standard mode" and "MID" measurement accuracy
MF-50:	"Automatic mode" under "User mode" with a termination value of "0.02%/min"

The recommended sample weight in "Standard mode" is 5g when the measurement accuracy is set to "MID", and 10g, when "HI". However, when a sample is liquid, the quantity should be as much as a glass fiber sheet can absorb once (that is about 1g), and when solid, it should be as much as can be spread evenly on a sample pan after crushed.

3. Test Improvement

3-1.Analysis Time

Analysis time can be shortened by the following methods:

1)	Set higher heating temperature.
2)	Lessen sample weight.
3)	Obtain more surface area by crushing a solid sample or the use of a glass fiber sheet for liquid sample.

3-2.Measurement Accuracy

Measurement accuracy may be highest when measured at suitable drying temperature, depending on sample's characteristics.
For how to decide suitable heating condition, referring to each material, the procedure is described below. All the samples tested may fall into 3 categories according to the patterns of the curves of moisture content rate change, as explained below. When clicking the each material's name shown below, you can check data measured at 20C increments from 100 to 200C with links to their graphs. To view the graphs, Adobe Acrobat Reader is necessary (English Version).
Note: When the PC has an inappropriate setting or has old software version, it may not show the graph data.

1)	A pattern where the same moisture content rate can be obtained despite the drying temperature change, as the sample can resist heat. The higher the drying temperature is, the faster the measurement completes. Examples of such material are: Sodium Tartrate Dihydrate, Starch, Corn Starch, Hand Soap and Laundry Starch.
2)	A pattern where as drying temperature reaches a certain point, the moisture content rate increases rapidly. It is best to measure at a drying temperature that is before the increase. The sudden shift after constant results means that something other than water, such as oil content, additives and organic matter vaporizes as they decomposes. Therefore, to get an accurate measurement result, setting the temperature to high is no recommended. Examples of such material are: Soybean Powder, Ground Butter Peanuts and Citric Acid.
3)	A pattern where the moisture content rate has difficulty stabilizing at any drying temperature setting, The heating system and detection of weight loss method may not suitable to determine the sample's moisture content. Sample with volatile oil and black surface are easy to carbonize, which makes it difficult to obtain correct moisture content rate. However the sample's evaluation is possible when temperature setting, drying rate and sample quantity are the same for each measurement. Also, analysis time may be shortened and measurement accuracy improved if carbonization of sample's surface can be avoided by placing a glass fiber sheet on the sample. Examples of such material are: Ground Coffee Beans and Green Tea Leaves.

3-3.Optimum Temperature Search (OTS) program, RsTemp

WinCT-Moisture incorporates RsTemp that searches optimum heating temperature to measure moisture content rate of a material.
OTS lets the moisture analyzer change its heating temperature between 100C and 200C per20C. Analyze data and suggest an appropriate temperature setting for moisture content determination based on moisture content or moisture content rate. (Those parameters for the heating pattern can be changed when needed.) For further information, refer to RsTemp_ReadMe.
The following are graphs and results of actual measurement of samples with RsTemp, classified in 3-3. Clicking a sample’s name allows you to display its data on a graph by PDF. To view the graphs, Adobe Acrobat Reader is necessary (English Version).
Note: When the PC has an inappropriate setting or has old software version, it may not show the graph data.

1)	A pattern where the same moisture contents rate result can be obtained despite the heating temperature change, as the sample can resist heat. Examples of such material are: Sodium Tartrate Dihydrate, Starch and Corn Starch
2)	A pattern where as heating temperature reaches a point moisture content rate leaps up. Examples of such material are: Soybean Powder and Ground Butter Peanuts
3)	A pattern where moisture content rate can not be stabilized at any heating temperature setting. Examples of such material are: Ground Coffee Beans

Reference)

Where sample is liquid and rich in sugar such as honey, repeatability may be better at a 20C to 40C lower temperature than one rated A.

3-4.Others

Other fundamental things to consider when using the moisture analyzer are as follows:

Measure with appropriate sample weight. A sample lighter than the recommended weight can impede the accuracy of moisture content measurement and the repeatability of the result. A sample heavier than the recommended weight takes more time in measuring. If same material is to be tested repeatedly, use the sample weight for each measurement.
Particularly, the sample weight is critical when measuring samples with low moisture content, such as plastic, because an accurate measurement may be difficult to obtain due to the small amount of moisture. Predicted moisture content and necessary sample weight are as below:

Predicted moisture content	Necessary sample weight
0.1%	20g or more
0.5%	5g or more
1%	2g or more

Spread sample on the pan to be evenly heated.

Moisture analyzers, which heat and detect weight loss, are suitable for moisture content measurement of samples where only water content vaporizes. Weight loss due to vaporization or decomposition of materials other than water could be measured as moisture content, which will result in a measurement error.

The analyzer needs a pre-heating process before measurement. When measuring samples repeatedly or continuously, the first result is always different from the other results.

Place a sample on the sample pan that has cooled to room temperature. When a sample is placed on a hot sample pan, the moisture content is diffused before measurement, and precise results are not possible. It is recommend that multiple sample pans.
When measuring samples with low moisture content, in addition to replacing the sample pan, cooling the moisture analyzer for more than ten minutes may increase the repeatability of the test results.

Where the sample's color is dark, place an optional glass fiber sheet (AX-MX-32-1 or AX-MX-32-2) on the sample. It may reduce the sample carbonization and increase the repeatability of the test results.

4. Data of Moisture Content

Measurement program:

+	"Standard-MID" means that "Standard mode" is selected and measurement accuracy is set "MID".
+	"Automatic-(0.005%/min)"means that "Automatic mode" is selected and termination value is set with "0.005%/min".

Process time: Mean value of time from the start of the measurement to the completion.

Mean value: Mean value of moisture content.

Repeatability: Standard Deviation of moisture content.

CV value: Coefficient Variation value = (Repeatability / Mean value of moisture content) x 100 (%)

Click a sample's name to display a graph that shows measurement results. Note that Adobe Acrobat Reader (English version) is required to display.
Note: When the PC has an inappropriate setting or has old software version, it may not show the graph data.

Commodity
No.	Classifi-cation	Sample	Weight (g)	Measurement Program	Tempera-ture (C)	Process time (Min)	Moisture Content			Remarks
No.	Classifi-cation	Sample	Weight (g)	Measurement Program	Tempera-ture (C)	Process time (Min)	Mean Value (%)	Repeat-ability (%)	CV Value (%)	Remarks
1	Commodity	Tobacco	1	Standard-MID	100	6.5	10.58	0.339	3.20	Flake leaves and test. Smells strong while heating.
2	Commodity	Dried Dog Food	1	Standard-MID	160	9.2	8.68	0.059	0.68	Crush with hand mixer. Smells strong while heating.
3	Commodity	Tooth Paste	1	Standard-MID	180	6.4	36.43	0.472	1.30	Place the sample evenly on the pan.
4	Commodity	Laundry Starch (Liquid)	1	Standard-MID	200	5.5	93.38	0.170	0.18	Use a grass fiber sheet.
5	Commodity	Starch Glue (Paste)	5	Standard-MID	200	14.0	83.34	0.102	0.12	Place the sample evenly on the pan.
6	Commodity	Bond (Paste)	1	Standard-MID	200	9.7	61.30	0.309	0.50	Place the sample evenly on the pan.
7	Commodity	Hand Soap (Liquid)	1	Standard-MID	200	6.0	92.01	0.157	0.17	Use a grass fiber sheet.
8	Commodity	Lipstick	1	Standard-MID	100	1.9	0.778	0.1938	24.91	Spread the sample directly.
9	Commodity	Liquid Foundation	1	Standard-MID	140	12.6	75.93	0.126	0.166	Use a grass fiber sheet.
10	Commodity	Silver Fir Chip (Dried)	1	Standard-MID	200	3.7	11.17	0.081	0.73
11	Commodity	Silica Sand	10	Standard-HI	200	2.3	0.498	0.0741	14.88
12	Commodity	Cement (Powder)	5	Standard-MID	200	3.0	0.408	0.0222	5.44
13	Commodity	Putty (Paste)	1	Standard-MID	200	7.3	33.73	0.549	1.63
14	Commodity	Synthetic Resin Paint (Acrylic and Aqueous Fluid Type)	1	Standard-MID	200	13.6	53.93	0.150	0.28	Use a grass fiber sheet.
15	Commodity	Xerox Paper	1	Standard-MID	200	2.8	4.69	0.174	3.17	Cut the sample into small bits.
16	Commodity	Cardboard	1	Standard-MID	100	4.2	6.66	0.109	1.64	Cut the sample into small bits.
Food A(Grain, Beans, Sea Foods, Seasonings, Spices and Flavoring)
No.	Classifi-cation	Sample	Weight (g)	Measurement Program	Tempera-ture (C)	Process time (Min)	Moisture Content			Remarks
No.	Classifi-cation	Sample	Weight (g)	Measurement Program	Tempera-ture (C)	Process time (Min)	Mean Value (%)	Repeat-ability (%)	CV Value (%)	Remarks
17	Food	Corn Grits (Powder)	5	Standard-MID	160	17.5	12.06	0.072	0.60
18	Food	Corn Starch (Powder)	5	Standard-MID	200	7.1	12.74	0.137	1.08
19	Food	Starch	5	Standard-MID	180	7.8	15.95	0.157	0.99
20	Food	Buckwheat Flour	5	Standard-MID	180	10.2	15.13	0.191	1.26
21	Food	Soft Flour	5	Standard-MID	200	7.3	13.03	0.260	2.00
22	Food	Floured Rice	5	Standard-MID	200	7.6	12.89	0.134	1.04
23	Food	Oats	5	Standard-MID	200	13.7	13.56	0.066	0.49
24	Food	Preprocessed Oats (Grain)	1	Standard-MID	160	19.7	11.80	0.352	2.98
25	Food	White Rice	5	Standard-MID	200	14.3	15.88	0.198	1.25	Crush with hand mixer.
26	Food	Pre-cooked Rice	1	Standard-MID	200	15.3	64.51	0.384	0.60
27	Food	Soybean Powder	5	Standard-MID	160	8.2	9.92	0.061	0.61
28	Food	Cashew Nuts	5	Standard-MID	140	8.5	3.04	0.010	0.33	Crush with hand mixer.
29	Food	Butter Peanuts	5	Standard-MID	140	9.6	2.10	0.077	3.67	Crush with hand mixer.
30	Food	Ground Coffee Beans (Powder)	5	Standard-MID	140	9.8	4.43	0.036	0.81
31	Food	Dried Squid	2	Standard-MID	180	20.5	26.21	0.312	1.19	Cut the sample into small bits.
32	Food	Boiled Dried Fish	2	Standard-MID	160	8.3	17.28	0.235	1.36	Crush with hand mixer.
33	Food	Dried Whitebait	5	Standard-MID	200	15.3	70.23	0.246	0.35
34	Food	Dried Bonito Fish Flake	1	Standard-MID	120	6.0	14.69	0.770	5.24	Crush with hand mixer.
35	Food	Fish Sausage	2	Standard-MID	200	15.6	78.02	0.227	0.29	Cut the sample into small bits.
36	Food	Sugar Crystals (Powder)	5	Standard-MID	160	1.7	0.162	0.0130	8.02
37	Food	Soft Brown Sugar (Powder)	5	Standard-MID	160	5.4	0.973	0.0386	3.97
38	Food	Seasoned Salt	5	Standard-MID	100	1.1	0.086	0.0151	17.56
39	Food	Salt	5	Standard-MID	200	1.7	0.160	0.0082	5.00
40	Food	Flavour Seasoning	5	Standard-MID	100	8.5	1.55	0.020	1.29
41	Food	Ketchup	1	Standard-MID	160	16.1	70.42	0.643	0.91	Tuck the sample between two glass fiber sheets.
42	Food	Mayonnaise (Egg yolk type)	1	Standard-MID	200	2.9	19.65	0.235	1.20
43	Food	Pepper (Cracked)	5	Standard-MID	160	15.9	12.23	0.142	1.16
44	Food	Chilli Pepper Powder	5	Standard-MID	120	17.3	5.81	0.060	1.03
45	Food	Seasoned Chilli Pepper Powder	5	Standard-MID	120	16.9	4.90	0.085	1.73
46	Food	Powder Mustard	5	Standard-MID	140	9.3	4.76	0.051	1.07
47	Food	Powder Horse Radish	5	Standard-MID	140	11.4	3.70	0.082	2.22
48	Food	Horse Radish (Grated)	1	Standard-MID	200	15.1	39.07	0.123	0.32	Crush the sample from above a glass fiber sheet.
49	Food	Ginger (Grated)	1	Standard-MID	200	11.9	84.77	0.439	0.52
50	food	Dijon mustard (Paste)	1	Standard-MID	200	13.5	54.55	0.416	0.76
51	Food	Citric Acid	5	Standard-MID	100	7.2	4.54	0.210	4.63
52	Food	Anhydrous Glucose	5	Standard-MID	140	1.7	0.696	0.0054	0.78
Food B(Processed foods, Dairy products, Snacks and Sweets, Beverage and others)
No.	Classifi-cation	Sample	Weight (g)	Measurement Program	Tempera-ture (C)	Process time (Min)	Moisture Content			Remarks
No.	Classifi-cation	Sample	Weight (g)	Measurement Program	Tempera-ture (C)	Process time (Min)	Mean Value (%)	Repeat-ability (%)	CV Value (%)	Remarks
53	Food	Bread	1	Standard-MID	160	7.3	36.65	0.550	1.50	Measure after breaking into bits.
54	Food	Bread Crumbs	1	Standard-MID	200	6.2	32.36	0.505	1.56
55	Food	Dried Soup	5	Standard-MID	140	14.1	4.73	0.079	1.67
56	Food	Instant Bean Paste Soup	1	Standard-MID	160	12.9	63.43	0.728	1.15	Tuck the sample between two glass fiber sheets.
57	Food	Instant Chinese Noodle	2	Standard-MID	140	9.6	1.53	0.091	5.96	Crush the sample by tapping the sample
58	Food	Sippet	2	Standard-MID	160	8.4	5.68	0.119	2.10	Crush the sample by tapping the sample.
59	Food	Brown Rice Cereal	2	Standard-MID	160	7.9	4.42	0.071	1.61	Crush the sample by tapping the sample.
60	Food	Dried Pasta	2	Standard-MID	200	15.8	13.70	0.211	1.54	Crush the sample by tapping the sample.
61	Food	Dried Wheat Noodle	5	Standard-MID	200	20.0	13.36	0.109	0.82	Cut the sample by about 3cm.
62	Food	Dried Bean Starch Vermicelli	2	Standard-MID	200	15.8	14.80	0.150	1.01	Cut the sample by about 3cm.
63	Food	Dried Brown Seaweed	1	Standard-MID	200	9.2	11.49	0.367	3.19	Crush with hand mixer.
64	Food	Wood Ear (Sliced)	2	Standard-MID	180	18.3	13.13	0.227	1.73	Cut the sample by about 3cm.
65	Food	Beef Jerky	2	Standard-MID	200	26.7	27.65	0.243	0.88	Cut the sample into small bits.
66	Food	Rice Cracker	5	Standard-MID	140	17.1	6.93	0.045	0.65	Crush the sample by tapping the sample.
67	Food	Cookie	5	Standard-MID	140	5.5	2.00	0.054	2.70	Crush the sample by tapping the sample.
68	Food	Caramel	2	Standard-MID	140	16.4	5.94	0.071	1.20	Press the sample to 1mm thick and put on a glass fiber sheet.
69	Food	Banana chips (Sliced and Dried)	1	Standard-MID	180	7.0	4.53	0.060	1.32	Measure after crushing.
70	Food	Potato Crisps	5	Standard-MID	140	9.3	1.88	0.054	2.87	Crush the sample by tapping the sample.
71	Food	Snack (Shrimp Flavour)	5	Standard-MID	160	6.4	2.54	0.043	1.69	Crush the sample by tapping the sample.
72	Food	Snack (Instant Fried Noodle)	5	Standard-MID	140	8.7	1.31	0.039	2.98	Crush the sample by tapping the sample.
73	Food	Jam	1	Standard-MID	160	17.0	33.96	0.109	0.32
74	Food	Honey (Drying temperature,120C)	1	Standard-MID	120	20.3	17.76	0.282	1.59	Put on a glass fiber sheet.
75	Food	Honey (Drying temperature,140C)	1	Standard-MID	140	14.5	19.38	0.539	2.78	Put on a glass fiber sheet.
76	Food	Honey (Drying temperature,160C)	1	Standard-MID	160	20.4	22.92	1.599	6.98	Put on a glass fiber sheet.
77	Food	Condensed Milk	1	Standard-MID	140	11.9	25.59	0.400	1.59	Put on a glass fiber sheet.
78	Food	Milk Substitute (Liquid)	1	Standard-MID	200	4.5	61.83	0.491	0.79	Use a grass fiber sheet.
79	Food	Fat spread	1	Standard-MID	140	5.8	28.67	0.060	0.21
80	Food	Butter (Solid,Salted)	1	Standard-MID	140	4.1	14.94	0.186	1.24
81	Food	Grated Cheese	1	Standard-MID	160	8.1	10.65	0.252	2.37
82	Food	Skimmed Milk	2	Standard-MID	140	16.7	6.49	0.255	3.93
83	Food	Modified Power milk (for nursing)	2	Standard-HI	120	6.7	3.29	0.015	0.46
84	Food	Milk	1	Standard-MID	140	6.7	87.11	0.069	0.08	Use a grass fiber sheet.
85	Food	YoghurtA	1	Standard-MID	160	11.5	81.17	0.383	0.47	Use a grass fiber sheet.
86	Food	YoghurtB	1	Automatic-(0.5%/min)	180	5.4	88.07	0.209	0.24	Tuck the sample between two glass fiber sheets.
87	Food	Soy Milk	1	Standard-MID	180	5.6	90.11	0.142	0.16	Use a grass fiber sheet.
88	Food	Green Tea Leaves	5	Standard-MID	140	11.6	5.53	0.023	0.42	Crush with hand mixer.
89	Food	Instant Coffee A	1	Standard-MID	120	7.1	7.66	0.100	1.31
90	Food	Instant Coffee B	4	Standard-MID	100	5.9	2.06	0.055	2.67
91	Food	Orange Juice	1	Standard-MID	140	7.3	89.48	0.209	0.23	Use a grass fiber sheet.
92	Food	Powdered Cold Beverage	5	Standard-MID	120	2.7	0.408	0.0476	11.67
93	Food	Cold Beverage (Jellylike)	1	Standard-MID	140	17.5	76.30	0.285	0.37	Use a grass fiber sheet.
94	Food	Agar Powder	5	Standard-MID	180	8.5	17.76	0.125	0.70
95	Food	Gelatin (Powder)	5	Standard-MID	200	15.4	16.03	0.223	1.39
Chemicals, Industrial Products, Plastic, Electronic Parts and Rubber
No.	Classifi-cation	Sample	Weight (g)	Measurement Program	Tempera-ture (C)	Process time (Min)	Moisture Content			Remarks
No.	Classifi-cation	Sample	Weight (g)	Measurement Program	Tempera-ture (C)	Process time (Min)	Mean Value (%)	Repeat-ability (%)	CV Value (%)	Remarks
96	Chemicals	Skin-Care Cream (Paste)	1	Standard-MID	160	16.0	77.06	0.543	0.70	Tuck the sample between two glass fiber sheets.
97	Chemicals	Sodium Tartrate Dihydrate	5	Standard-MID	160	6.8	15.74	0.010	0.06
98	Chemicals	Cellulose	5	Standard-MID	180	5.2	4.37	0.136	3.11
99	Chemicals	Calcium Stearate	5	Standard-MID	180	7.6	2.90	0.030	1.03	Smells strong while heating.
100	Chemicals	Zinc Oxide	5	Standard-HI	200	2.1	0.148	0.0084	5.68	Reference: Average moisture content 0.080%, Repeat-ability 0.0099% and average process time 9.2 mins at 200C with 2g by Karl Fischer method.
101	Chemicals	Aluminum Oxide	5	Standard-HI	200	2.4	0.098	0.0130	13.27
102	Chemicals	Magnesium Oxide	2	Standard-HI	200	5.2	1.52	0.164	10.79
103	Chemicals	Talc	5	Standard-HI	200	2.5	0.144	0.0114	7.92
104	Chemicals	Calcium Carbonate	5	Standard-HI	200	3.1	0.228	0.0205	8.99
105	Industrial Products	Charcoal (Powder)	1	Standard-MID	200	2.5	11.24	0.591	5.26
106	Industrial Products	Activated charcoal (Particulate,For deodrant use)	5	Standard-MID	120	6.6	9.96	0.142	1.43
107	Industrial Products	Silica gel (Particulate)	5	Standard-MID	200	5.2	11.74	0.072	0.61	Left 23C room temperature for 24 hours.
108	Industrial Products	Silica gel (Tablet)	3	Standard-MID	200	4.7	8.25	0.068	0.82	Left 23C room temperature for 24 hours.
109	Industrial Products	Printer toner (Powder,Black)	5	Standard-MID	100	1.6	0.298	0.0130	4.36
110	Plastic	Polyethylene Terephthalate Pellet	10	Standard-HI	180	6.8	0.298	0.0045	1.34	Reference: Average moisture content 0.307%, Repeat-ability 0.0065% and average process time 19.0 mins at 180C with 0.3g by Karl Fischer method.
111	Plastic	ABS Resin	10	Automatic-(0.005%/min)	140	12.1	0.425	0.0093	2.19	Reference: Average moisture content 0.271%, Repeat-ability 0.0177% and average process time 15.7 mins at 140C with 0.2g by Karl Fischer method.
112	Plastic	Polymethyl-methacrylates	10	Automatic-(0.005%/min)	100	19.4	0.488	0.0150	3.07	Smells strong while heating. Reference: Average moisture content 0.301%, Repeat-ability 0.0131% and average process time 30.4 mins at 100C with 0.2g by Karl Fischer method.
113	Electronic parts	CPU (100pin,Plastic QFP,14*20mm)	10	Standard-HI	120	1.7	0.064	0.0055	8.59	Left in a thermostatic chamber of 80%RH and at 30C for 48hours.
114	Rubber	Ground Tire	5	Standard-MID	200	4.3	22.30	0.080	0.36	Crush finely.
115	Sewage	Sewage (human waste,Liquid)	1	Standard-MID	140	5.7	99.14	0.233	0.24	Smells strong while heating. Use a grass fiber sheet.
116	Sewage	Sewage (human waste,dehydrated,Paste)	5	Standard-MID	200	16.3	86.64	0.560	0.65	Smells strong while heating.